The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.